Minister for Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation Sudan Kirati has said that the nation’s present fight is with poverty. Speaking at a programme organised to mark the 36th establishment day of Kirat Rai Yayokkha, a social organisation of the Rai people on Monday, he expressed his belief that the country needed to tackle poverty and for this, a government of national consensus was imperative.
Chairman of CPN (Unified Socialist), Madhav Kumar Nepal, has reminded that communist party was established to end exploitation and poverty in Nepal. The communist party was established in 2006 BS.
After the establishment of People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, China has been making steady progress in all aspects. Especially, China made massive transformation in socio-economic issues while transferring the nation from an imperial to people’s republican system. Also, China has been adopting modern technological innovation and system to obtain the urge for people’s desire for development. The root of the present China is the outcome and tireless efforts of the Chinese Communist Party (CPC) and its continuous commitment while adopting and maintaining social stability without losing a balance.
At present, China and Chinese political society is busy with its ongoing 20th National Congress and it is, of course, very much crucial to chart out new plans of action for the upcoming five years to govern such a big country. Formation of the new central committee which will be of about 200 full body and 180 alternative members will be the major decision maker in China. Xi is expected to be the General Secretary for the third term. It is expected that China will be more self-sufficient with less dependent on the west, boosting China’s influence in the world.
Chinese President Xi Jinping once said that to govern a big country with so many people and so complex national conditions, the leaders of China must be aware of China’s reality and aspirations of its people, treating their responsibilities with utmost care as if they are walking on thin ice or standing on the edge of an abyss, and understand that “governing a big country is like cooking a small fish.” So, the entire world is watching carefully to the ongoing 20th National Congress of the CPC because China is the second largest economy as well as the country with biggest military force.
The 20th National congress is crucial as it determines the future leadership and direction of China, giving a strong message to the world economy, politics, environmental issues and diplomatic relations in the aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic. The world is now becoming the multi-polar since the US sees China as a threat and key concern. Because of all these things, the world is expecting broader outcome from the 20th National Congress.
The world economy is in a difficult situation, mainly because of the Covid-19, energy crisis, inflation and other reasons. So, attention of the world is to the 20th National Congress of the CPC that the road of the second largest economy of the world in coming years. One of the main focuses of the 20th National Congress is to build China as a modern socialist country with the Second Centenary Goal. On the 100th anniversary of the founding of the CPC, China achieved the first centenary goal i.e eliminating poverty and building a moderately prosperous society. As the 20th National Congress will continue high-level opening up, building business climate with fair competition, setting China as a key driving force for the global economic growth. Most importantly, the 20th National Congress will come up with the ideas to increase the investment in technology and became the world leader in the technological world.
Chinese President Xi Jinping use the word “Common prosperity” which is completely different that of other leaders. When President Xi mentioned the idea of common prosperity, this is very important for the humankind in the global stage. As the humankind is suffering from economic and social challenges, the idea of common prosperity will help the world and people from the different parts of the world find solution. This new theory of development and benefit for humankind will spread all over the world and China’s 14th five-year plan’s Vision 2035 will bring the common prosperity and market for the people of the world.
As China’s concern for the importance of environmental and economic issue, new philosophy of the Chinese development, innovation and high-quality development will be implemented in the near future.
As the close neighbor of China, Nepal expects the 20th National Congress of CPC to deal on regional and global challenges. China supports Nepal as a good brother, and 20th National Congress of CPC is very important for Nepal because it will ensure better cooperation in economy, bilateral trade and multilateral issues. The ongoing National Congress will also continue cooperation with Nepal and South Asian countries with its policy of opening up by sharing its fruits to humankind through the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).
The world is under terror because of possible outbreak of war and China should always remain committed to the peace and development for the humankind. The 20th National Congress will lead the world for the peaceful and secure place to live for the human being.
In the neighboring People's Republic of China, the long-awaited 20th National Congress of the ruling Communist Party of China was recently held in Beijing. China’s current and future course was charted at the week-long (October 16-22) Congress of the Communist Party of China, which has a total of more than 96 million members and nearly 5 million grassroots organizations.
It is well known that the events of China, the world’s largest country after Russia and Canada, which has borders with 14 different countries and spreads over an area of 96 million square kilometers, have a direct or indirect effect on international relations. In China, which has 23 different provinces, five autonomous regions, four metropolitan cities under the central government and two special administrative regions including Hong Kong and Macau, and 56 tribes, the Party Congress held every five years affects the internal politics and the economic sector, as much as the policy decisions taken by the Congress affect world relations in one way or another.
China, a civilization that is about five thousand years old, has faced many ups and downs at different stages of history, however, the period after independence in 1949 and the establishment of the Communist Party 100 years ago are considered to be periods of historical importance in China’s prosperity, stability, and modernization. On October 1, 1949, Chairman Mao of the Communist Party announced the establishment of the People's Republic of China from Tiananmen Square in China.
Not only has China passed 70 years, but it has also achieved unprecedented success by bringing the political system, and social and economic development to a new level. As there have been significant changes in the world in the past decade, China has also made great strides in socio-economic transformation and modernization.
The political system adopted by China is the result of the revolution in the early decades of the 20th century. After 28 years of struggle–land reform measures, civil war, and the war against Japan, including the War of Independence–China’s new political system established in 1949 has surprised the world with its highest achievement in seven decades.
With the end of the ten-year Cultural Revolution in China in October 1976, China’s policy of reform under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping achieved rapid development. China, which went through a very weak state before the establishment of New China, has achieved exemplary achievements even in the field of science and technology in the last four decades and has established China as the second-largest economic power in the world.
Some political analysts believe that the policies and programs–of the political system with its own characteristics and liberal economy–adopted by the Chinese Communist Party in the recent period are the results of China’s miraculous rise in the 21st century.
Against this background, the National Congress of the Communist Party of China, which began on October 16 with the participation of about 2,300 delegates, will guide China to become a more advanced nation by reviewing the existing problems and challenges in the changing scenario.
For the past three years, the world has been facing various challenges such as the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, regional conflicts, climate change, and recession. Therefore, the collective efforts of all nations and the world community are necessary to give a positive turn to international relations. It seems that China has taken the impact of the Ukraine war seriously. In this situation, the serious interest of Congress in terms of providing the right direction to international relations is evident from the statements made recently by China’s leadership.
In the context of the ongoing National Congress in China, the question related to the party leadership has attracted the attention of some countries and global media. As a result of the steps taken after Xi Jinping was elected Party General Secretary and President at the 18th National Congress of the Party held in 2012, there have been many qualitative changes in China’s political and economic fields. After the 19th Congress, China achieved the highest success in poverty alleviation in the period of five years. In addition to the complete eradication of poverty in China, China has succeeded in becoming a developed country in every field. Even Western countries, which sometimes take unnecessary interest in China’s internal politics, have not been able to deny the success of modernization and prosperity that China has achieved in recent years.
President Xi Jinping delivered a report at the opening of the Chinese Communist Party Congress at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. Under China’s revitalization campaign, the plan to build a socialist modern country in an all-round way by integrating people of different races is divided into two phases: from 2020 to 2035, to realize socialist modernization in a fundamental way; from 2035 to the middle of this century, China plans to become an economic superpower and democratic. To build a modern socialist country, in recent years, a wide campaign against corruption has been carried out and some corrupt people have been severely punished. In the ongoing Congress, corruption is strongly discussed. Anti-corruption is the deepest self-revolution of the party.
In a situation where most of the countries in the world are forced to face many challenges due to climate change, Xi has maintained the concept of green water and rich mountains for the last ten years, mentioning that China’s sky is bluer, mountains are greener and water is cleaner. With deep-sea and underground exploration, supercomputers, navigation by satellite, production of giant aircraft, and biological medicine, China has entered the group of inventor countries and it is mentioned that this process will continue. All of these objectives are themes linked to China’s massive renaissance.
Similarly, in the situation where many challenges have been created in international relations and the situation of war has appeared in some areas, China has reaffirmed its old commitment to its foreign policy this time as well. China has been steadfastly implementing independent and peaceful diplomacy, protecting the basic rules of international relations and international judicial fairness, firmly opposing all forms of expansionism, opposing the Cold War and interfering in the internal affairs of other countries, as well as double standards, and resolving the Taiwan issue as peacefully as possible because it is its own matter.
President Xi’s announcement that he will not give up the right to use armed force despite trying to unite is very meaningful. China has issued a strong warning against external interference in Taiwan affairs.
As China is the main trading partner of more than 140 countries and regions in the world, the trade volume ranks first in the world. The foreign investment is at the forefront, and foreign openness and the determination to realize the Belt and Road Initiatives (BRI)project announced in March 2013 have directed the future direction. This means that China will move towards being more iberal and open. It will not accept anyone’s interference in internal affairs and will remain committed to becoming stronger in all aspects.
The interest of the western world is whether 69-year-old President Xi will come back to leadership for a third five-year term and what policy changes China will make for the next five years. On this occasion, during the opening of the convention, President Xi declared that the next five years will be decisive for China and that China will become even stronger.
President Xi, who has recently been placed on par with Mao and Deng Xiaoping, is almost certain to be re-elected as the party’s powerful general secretary for a third five-year term at this Congress. In his third term, China will move forward with the determination to become a superpower nation in all respects.
KATHMANDU, July 22: Commemorating the contribution of the first elected Prime Minister of the country Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala, the 40th BP Memorial Day is being celebrated today with various programs across the country.
Koirala, who fought hard for the establishment of democracy in Nepal, died on 6th Shrawan 2039 BS. He has also made significant contributions to the field of Nepali literature. Koirala was born on Bhadra 24, 1971 BS. He became the first elected Prime Minister in Jetha 2016 after the parliamentary elections of 2015 BS.
Koirala, who led the Congress for a long period of his life and became the first elected Prime Minister after the party won two-thirds majority in the 2015 BS general elections, provided political leadership for the establishment of nationalism, democracy and socialism in Nepal. On 1st Poush 2017, after the popularly elected government was overthrown by the then King with support of the Royal Nepali Army, Koirala and other leaders were imprisoned.
After analyzing that nationalism was weakened while in exile in India and the need to fight for the restoration of democracy, Koirala returned to Nepal with the policy of national unity and reconciliation on 16 Poush 2033 regardless.
Ratopati here presents a speech of late Koirala in his honor taken from BP Koirala Archives and Records:
Small Nations Have A Role To Play
(Policy Speech by Koirala, Prime Minister of Nepal before the 15th regular Session of the United Nations General Assembly (1960))
Mr. President, Fellow Delegates,
It is my honor and privilege to convey to you the greetings and salutations of the people and the Government of Nepal, and the best wishes of our sovereign, His Majesty King Mahindra, for the success of the Fifteenth Regular Session of the General Assembly.
Permit me, first of all, Mr. President, to congratulate you on your election to the high office of the president of this Fifteenth Session of the General Assembly. Your experience in the work of the United Nations, combined with your intrinsic merit, amply qualifies you for the post you now hold. I have no doubt that under your wise guidance this Fifteenth Session of the General Assembly will not only be able to accomplish its work, but will also achieve lasting results beneficial to the cause of pause, prosperity and the progress of mankind.
I would also like to take this opportunity to associate myself wholeheartedly with those who have already paid a tribute of welcome to the new members from Africa and elsewhere. Their admission has undoubtedly carried the United Nations very close to its cherished goal of universality and we have no doubt that our organization will greatly benefit by their contributions and participation in its deliberations.
May I also express the hope that in the international situation of today, which is singularly dominated by what might be called “Big power complex”, not only among great powers but also among powers that aspire to the role of the Big Powers and in so doing developed a complex of the same kind, that the new members will bring a certain freshness of outlook on world events, and throw their weight with those forces in the United Nations which have no complex of any kind.
In welcoming the new members, I have a feeling that we are welcoming nations which have a similar approach to the basic problems of the world today. I speak on behalf of a small uncommitted country which has no pretension of any kind. When welcoming the new members, we have a conscious accession of the strength of our points of view.
Mr. President and Fellow Delegates, I must point out however that there are still many countries that are not yet members of the United Nations for some reasons or others. We hope and believe that several countries in Africa and elsewhere that are not yet free and are still under colonial domination will soon become independent and take their rightful place in this council of nations. No power, however great or strong it may be can resist the march of history and time, both of which are fortunately and definitely on the side of the countries that are struggling for their birthright of freedom and independence.
There is another category of countries that are not members of this organization for altogether different reasons. I have in mind the countries like Germany, Korea and Vietnam, Which remain artificially divided as a result of circumstances or conditions of power politics obtained at the end of World War. We hope and pray for improvement in the climate of international relations and power politics so that these divided nations might achieve unity in freedom and take their seats among us.
In this connection, Mr. President, I cannot help referring to the question of the representation of China, which stands in a class by itself. In our opinion, the United Nations can neither become universal nor can it reflect the political realities existing in the world outside until the People’s Republic of China is given its rightful place in our organization. The United Nations will not be able to fulfill effectively some of its most important purposes and functions until the People’s Republic of China is brought in. The United Nations Charter speaks of the peoples of the United Nations, and it cannot be fully representative of the peoples of the world when 630,000,000 people have been deprived of the beneficent and constructive influences of the various activities of the United Nations. In questions like this that are vital to the effectiveness and growth of the United Nationals itself, I feel that greater imagination and foresight are needed than the United Nations has thus far shown. We also feel that the Republic of Mongolia has a rightful claim to membership of this organization.
It may not be necessary for me to repeat that we have always stood for Algerian independence. When the President of France made a solemn declaration last year, we had hoped that the new French policy would lead to Algerian self-determination and to the solution of the Algerian question once for all. But looking back over the progress of the past year, we find that the constructive move initiated by the President of France was not carried to its logical conclusion, certainly not because of the Algerian failure to respond but because of the unrealistic conditions with which the French sought to hedge around the original offer of negotiations on the basis of self-determination.
With regard to the Middle East situation, Mr. President, we are of the view that the solution of the problem confronting the Middle East lies in the direction of recognizing and accepting the political realities that prevail there today. In other worlds, prospects of peace in this area, as well as in the world in general, would be devised to end the Arab-Israeli conflict.
The drafters of the Charter hoped that the Great Powers would continue to move ahead and strengthen the United Nations with a sufficient measure of unanimity, but this hope has not always been realized and serious deadlocks have arisen between the contending power blocs on many international issues of peace and security. Under the impact of such new demands, the functions of the \united Nations have undergone some transformation, and the role of the General Assembly has acquired a new dimension. As was proved by the part it played in resolving the crises in Egypt and Lebanon. Nowhere is this fact more clearly evident today than in the affairs of the Congo Republic, where the United Nations has taken itself the responsibility of restoring order in an otherwise chaotic situation.
For the past two months, Mr. President, the United Nations Security Council was seized with the affairs of the Republic of Congo, which is still suffering the birth pang of independence. We have nothing but sympathy for the people of Congo who find themselves in a state of political and economic chaos caused by a complete breakdown of the administrative machinery of every kind. We feel that the greatest help the United Nations can and should render to the Congo is in the field of the restoration of normal economic and political life by providing for dependable administrative machinery. Unfortunately the humanitarian question of helping the people of Congo to resume their normal life and economic activity has got mixed-up with political questions of a national and international character. Even the role and the activity of the United Nations in the Congo has been subjected to controversy and bitter attack from certain quarters. As my Government has already expounded its stand on the Congolese question in the Fourth Emergency Special Session of the General Assembly, I shall, for the present, be content merely with briefly outlining the considerations that have influenced our approach to the Congo problem.
These considerations are: – (1) The territorial integrity and the political independence of the Congo should be preserved (2) Every assistance to the Congo of a military nature should be channeled through the United Nations agency. This is the only way in which the Congo can kept out of the cold war and the ramifications of power rivalries so as to enable the Congolese in accordance with their wishes and without external pressure of any kind, (3) Financial assistance should be raised from the voluntary contributions of members and placed under United Nations control for helping the Congolese people back on their feet.
African Statesmen and leaders who are assembled here in this session could play a constructive role in helping the Congo if they would only direct their efforts towards devising a method by which internal differences between the Congolese leaders could be resolved. What the African leaders should bear in mind at this critical juncture is that regionalism, or even nationalism in this context, must not be carried to the extreme so as to imply complete exclusiveness of others.
Recently, there has been an attack on the person and office of the Secretary-General. It has been said that the Secretary-General has acted in the Congo situation as an instrument of the policy of a certain power bloc or power bloc in the Congo. We ourselves do not have any part of this criticism, and we reject it altogether for the reasons my delegation advanced while speaking on the subject during the Emergency Special Session, and which are on record. As to the suggestion of turning the office of the Secretary-General into a triumvirate, this to my mind, will not only incapacitate the United Nations for quick and effective action in the face of grave crises, but it will also hinder it in discharge of its normal functions and duties. The Secretary-General is not merely a highly-placed official in the United Nations; but he is also an organ of the United Nations in terms of the Charter.
It is really heartening to hear the spokesmen of African countries themselves, in addition to others, defend with zeal and vigor the impartiality and dedication shown by the Secretary-General in implementing the United Nations decisions in the Congo. I would like to take to take this opportunity, Mr. President to pay a special tribute to the Secretary-General for raising the stature of the United Nations during his term of office to such a high level as to make the United Nations the only alternative to the filling up of the vacuum by one or the other of the two great power blocs in the situation such as the one in the Congo.
The primary objective of the foreign policy of every country is to secure its own political independence, sovereignty and security, and to promote international peace and cooperation. Mr. President, the foreign policy of Nepal is fully inspired by the principals and purpose of the United Nations Charter. We regard the United Nations not only as a bulwark of our independence and security, but also as the protector of our rights and freedom. We look upon the United Nations as an instrument for promoting peace and justice among nations. It is our firm conviction that an enduring peace and a stable world order can only be achieved on the basis of freedom and justice. To this end we wish to cooperate with other nations within the framework of the United Nations.
Nepal is a small country in terms of economic and military resources and strength, but she is fully conscious of her responsibility and the role she has to play in the deliberations of the United Nations as one of its members. Our role in the United Nations will always be governed by the principles and considerations we have outlined above. We believe in the independent exercise of our judgment in considering international issues.
If we believe in a policy of non-alignment with any one of the power blocs, it is because we do not wish to commit ourselves before hand to support one side or the other, and we wish to retain our independence of judgment in assessing international issues as they arise. In our humble opinion, this is the only way in which we can really be objective and detached in the examination of the issues that may confront the world community from time to time. We have never hesitated to pronounce ourselves clearly and unequivocally on what has appeared to be right to us. Our refusal to align ourselves with one power bloc or the other does not stem from any desire on our part to sit on the fence and shirk our responsibility in judging the issues as members of the international community. There is nothing passive or immoral about this attitude of ours. If we have hesitated to take a clear stand, it has only been when the choices themselves were not very clear. However, it will be realized that the choices in this respect do not always offer themselves in terms of clear block or white.
Mr. President, we have judged every international issue on its merit without consideration of any body’s fear or favor. Our stand on this Suez and Hungarian crises and on the situations in Lebanon and the Congo bear testimony to the above fact. We have consistently and conscientiously adhered to this policy in the United Nations because we think that this is the only way in which a country like ours can make a useful contribution to the work of the United Nations. We are perhaps less hindered in the exercise of our judgment because we have no disputes and far fewer commitments as compared to other bigger member states. This is not to claim any kind of superiority for our judgment, but merely to give an indication of our desire and efforts for being impartial and constructive in our participation in the work of the United Nations.
We are also conscious of the fact that as a small country we can play a limited role in the great and grave issues that confront the world organization today, issues such as those of cold war and disarmament. In this respect, we feel that we can play a constructive role for peace and the reduction of tensions in the world only by acting in concert with other like-minded countries within the United Nations itself.
The smaller nations, it is being said, are acquiring a new voice in world affairs. Certainly in this Assembly, where each of us has a vote that is equal to that of a great power, our role and our responsibility have acquired a significance with our precedent in human history. The great question before us now is how we shall fulfill that role. Are we going to be pulled in this direction or that, or are we going to stand on our own feet? Are we going to attach ourselves to one or another power, bloc in an already deeply and dangerously divided world, or are we going to from our own judgment? Shall we be guided by expediency in an atmosphere of intrigue, or by the true aspirations of our own peoples, our own reasoning and our own sense of justice?
Mr. President, I for one, believes that we should say frankly and openly what is in our hearts, without fear or favors. My country is fiercely proud of its independence, which we have never wholly lost. Ten years ago we shook off the internal bondage of the feudal autocratic regime. A year and a half ago we held our first national election and as a free people we are now moving ahead on a new road of reconstruction and new development. While we welcome and we are grateful for the help that is being given to us by friendly governments of India, the United States, China, the USSR, the United Kingdom and others as well as by this world organization, we do not want any other country to tell us how we would think, or how we would conduct our internal affairs. We would be happier if the aid which we receive were channeled very largely, if not entirely, through the United Nations, which has scrupulously refrained from any interference whatsoever in our domestic political concerns. Like other countries now represented here, we prefer to estimate ourselves the strengths and weaknesses of other social systems and to choose our own. We do not wish to be battered by propaganda or to have our minds made up for us, or to reach our decisions in an atmosphere of suspicion and hatred. We do not want to be absorbed into the cold war, or to become a tool of any power bloc. This is not only because, if a hot war should occur, we would prefer not to be embroiled in it. There is another and, I believe, a deeper reason. We would like to join with other peoples that feel as we do, that the smaller nations who follow a truly independent course can become a force for peace in the world.
The United Nations is composed of many small nations. These small nations can, if they like, play a very responsible and very positive role in the world of today. For this, however, more negative reactions to the cold war strategy of the big powers are not enough. We should cultivate the habit of developing a positive and constructive response to each political and economic question of the world which is divided politically and economically in different ways.
The main function of the United Nations at the present moment is the creation or re-creation of a climate of confidence and trust. When we met here last year we were looking up with great hope and expectation to the summit conference of the Great Powers. But the summit meeting, which the statesmen of the world had planned and built up so very painfully, ended abruptly in a fiasco, landing us once more in a world of mistrust and suspicion. As a result of this failure of the summit meeting the world, including our own part, has been required to exercise a larger measure of vigilance than would have been necessary otherwise.
While the failure of the summit conference disappoints us, the new attempt made by the statesmen of the world to come together at the United Nations during the current session of the General Assembly fills us with some hope.
As the world gets smaller, owing to the revolution in modern technology, the need for the statesmen and leaders of the world to meet and face each other around a table to discuss outstanding issues between them becomes all the more imperative. It may be hoped that all the possibilities and opportunities presented by the gathering of so many heads of governments here at the United Nations Headquarters will be fully exploited in the interest of world peace without unnecessary prejudice and without any false notion of prestige. In my opinion, Mr. President, this is a unique opportunity for making serious attempts to resolve differences, an opportunity which is not likely to present itself again in the near future. I take this opportunity to endorse wholeheartedly the proposal made on the floor or the House by President Nasser for an immediate meeting between President Eisenhower and Chairman Khrushchev and an effort to ease the tension.
Small nations can play a very constructive role in this circumstance; whether they actually do so remains to be seen. It is no easy task. Despite all of our differences in history, language, tradition and culture, we are suddenly faced with a new, imperative need for some measure of unity. Unless we find that unity our strength will be scattered and wasted.
How can we achieve such a measure of unity? I myself do not think that we shall find it on the basis of geography or race, or of any ideology of the right or left, but in our common adherence to the principles of this organization, including the equal rights of nations large and small, and in a common determination that our growing influence shall be used with a cool head not to widen but to narrow, the dangerous division that now exists between the two great power blocs of the East and the West. Our physical strength may be negligible, but our moral strength, if we are true to ourselves and to the peoples for whom we speak, may be great.
Whether we wish it or not, we are called upon to participate in confronting the issues before this momentous session of the General Assembly. There is also Mr. President and Fellow Delegates, the overriding issues of disarmament. We have set forth our views on this question on different occasions. We are of the opinion that general and complete disarmament with effective controls should be possible between the two groups of powers. The tragic record of past negotiations has not been alleviated by what we have heard during the opening days of this Assembly session. Is there anything new which we of the uncommitted nations can contribute to the solution of this vast problem in which we have had so little voice but so large a stake? I believe that there is. All are agreed that a continuation of the accelerating fantastic armaments race is suicidal. Yet any basis of agreement between the power blocs, riveted into their hostile positions, seems as distant as ever. Certainly the effort to reach some agreement should be continued through any means that this Assembly can devise. But I believe that there is also another approach which is in the interest of all parties, and which has not yet been given the attention that it deserves. It is that progressive disarmament should be linked with the creation and development of a world police force or peace force a force accountable to all humanity, which will gradually become more powerful than any national power or coalition of powers, a force whose one and only task will be to preserve world peace against infringement by any nation, great or small.
Mr. President Fellow Delegates, I now come to the question of the organization of the United Nations itself. On this issue we of the uncommitted smaller nations must have our own opinions. On this our votes will count. We cannot afford to allow this agency to become itself football between the power blocs. In the opening of my delegation, the United Nations must be strengthened to include, among other things a world police force or security agency, and vastly expanded programme for the administration of economic aid, without any semblance of political interference, to the three-quarters of the world in which poverty is a rising danger to the peace and prosperity of all.
The political and military confronting the world is extremely challenging. They are very complicated problems involving the basic beliefs and values of life obtained in either part of the world. My country has adopted the liberal values of life to be preserved by the will of the people expressed through free elections. But the political aspirations, however strong and genuine, cannot work in a vacuum. For this reason we would like the United Nations to turn its nation increasingly toward the solutions of the pressing economic problems in various regions. As we look at the world, we find that it is the economic disparity between countries, as between the rich and the poor people within the nations that is the source of much friction and tension. Is it necessary for some people as for some nations to continue to be poor in order that other people, as other nations can continue to be rich? Does the starvation of a part of humanity always stare us in the face? It is our humble opinion that owing to the revolutionary advances in technology and its extremely rapid rate of growth, it is possible, with concerted effort, to raise the living standards of the people of under-developed countries without lowering the standard of living of the people of the advanced countries. Is it too much to hope that the United Nations will pool together all the human material and technological resources available at present and use them most effectively to raise the living standards of the peoples of the underdeveloped countries?
President Eisenhower pleaded eloquently for the diversion of resources to these constructive ends. Disarmament, if it materializes, will release a large amount of material and technical resources for such constructive purposes. Mr. Krushchev too, while stressing the need for disarmament has suggested that disarmament will mean a diversion of the vast fund of money and skill towards overcoming the backwardness of underdeveloped countries.
This, we believe, is a much more serious and constructive challenge than the political challenge, and we hope that in the years to come the United Nations will have to credit many economic achievements in different parts of the world as it has political achievements today.
It follows that the real solution of world problems, including the problem of world peace and prosperity, lies in the direction of strengthening and extending the authority of the United Nations. This authority will be strengthened and fortified if the decisions of the United Nations are respected faithfully and loyally by all powers, big and small. In the implementation of these decisions, we should be true only to the spirit of man, irrespective of his race, region, and nation. His Majesty’s Government of Nepal would like the United Nations to develop along these lines, and will support policies which it thinks will promote these objectives.
Thank you, Mr. President.
Before the liberation of Tibet, it was a dark, backward feudal serf society with the unity of government and religion. Millions of serfs struggled in extreme poverty. Since the peaceful liberation, our party --- Chinese Communist Party (CPC) has united and led millions of turned serfs to carry out democratic reform, establish a socialist system, implement a system of regional ethnic autonomy, and promote reform and opening up. After the 18th National Congress of the Party, the Central Committee of the Party, with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core, identified Tibet as the only province-level concentrated contiguous area of special hardship in the “three districts and three states”.
Tibet has been given priority care and special inclination in terms of policies, funds and projects. It has led the Tibetan people to win the battle against poverty, build a well-off society in an all-round way, completely get rid of the absolute poverty problem that has been bound for thousands of years, and together with the people of the whole country, ushered in a great leap from standing up, getting rich to being strong. All ethnic groups said from the heart, “Chairman Mao led millions of serfs to turn over and be liberated, and President Xi led the Tibetan people to get out of poverty and run for the well-off.”
The overall situation of society is harmonious and stable. Since the peaceful liberation, under the leadership of the Party, the vast majority of Tibet's military and people have persistently fought against secession, effectively thwarting a series of secession and sabotage activities by the 14th Dalai Lama Group.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, we have firmly established the overall concept of national security, adhered to the“two unwavering”, tightly focused on the focus and focus of maintaining the unity of the Motherland and strengthening national unity, firmly mastered the initiative in the anti-separatist struggle, sought long-term strategies and solidified actions. Social governance has changed from“I want stability” to “We want stability”, and the satisfaction of the public's sense of security has been continuously maintained at more than 99%.
Unswervingly follow the correct path to solve ethnic problems with Chinese characteristics,adhere to casting the sense of Chinese ethnic community as a strategic task, introduce the regulations on the creation of model areas for ethnic unity and progress in the autonomous region, carry out in-depth research on the history of the Chinese ethnic community, expand and deepen publicity, education and creation activities for ethnic unity and progress, increase the popularization and popularization of the national common language, actively build an embedded community environment, promote exchanges and exchanges among all ethnic groups, unity, friendship and joy among all ethnic groups, and the“five identities”continue to strengthen. Adhere to the direction of sinicization of religion in China, comprehensively implement the party's basic principles of religious work, strengthen the management of religious affairs according to law, guarantee the freedom of religious belief of the masses, eliminate the negative effects of the use of religion by the 14th Dalai Lama, guide the religious masses to treat religion rationally, reduce religious consumption, and live a happy life in this life. Tibetan Buddhism and socialist society are becoming more and more adapted.
Brilliant achievements in economic development
There was no modern industry and commerce in old Tibet, agricultural production was in a primitive farming state for a long time,animal husbandry was basically a natural nomadic way,agriculture and animal husbandry were degraded and the products were single,the level of productivity and social development as a whole were very low, and the gross regional product of the region was only 129 million yuan.
After the peaceful liberation, our party is based on the special realities and major contradictions of Tibet, focuses on liberation and development of productive forces, gives full play to the advantages of the socialist system, and helps Tibet's economic and social development. Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, the Central committee of the Party has led the people of all ethnic groups in Tibet to adhere to the general tone of seeking progress in stability, vigorously protect and improve people's livelihood, deepen supply-side structural reforms, and promote the transformation of economic development from high-speed to high-quality. In 2020,the total economic volume of the region exceeded 190 billion yuan,which is 321.5 times that of 1951 at comparable prices.The Qinghai-Tibet Railway was completed and put into operation, the Sichuan-Tibet Railway started construction across the board, and the Fuxing opened into the snowy plateau, with a railway operating mileage of nearly 1,400 kilometers.All the counties and villages pass through the highway,with an opening mileage of 118,800 kilometers,and the opening mileage of the highway reaches 1,105 kilometers. Five civil airports have been built,and more than 140 international and domestic routes have been opened. Four power“sky roads”such as the Qinghai-Tibet Power Network have been built. The main power grid covers all counties and towns, with a power generation capacity of 9 billion kilowatt-hours, and the built-up village pass fiber optic rate and 4G signal coverage rate have reached 99%. All border well-off villages have been built,characteristic industries have developed and grown, and the total grain production has been stable at more than 1 million tons for six consecutive years. Livestock has changed from“one season out of the bar”to“four seasons out of the bar”, promoting food to become products and products to commodities. Barley, yak, etc. have become veritable“treasures of the plateau”. The tourism industry is developing rapidly,receiving more than 35 million tourists in 2020.
People's lives are booming
In old Tibet, serfs, who accounted for more than 95% of the population, had no means of production, suffered cruel economic exploitation, and lived a miserable life.The enrolment rate of school-age children was less than 2%, the illiteracy rate was as high as 95%, and the life expectancy per capita was only 35.5 years old. After the peaceful liberation, our party has always wholeheartedly done good things and practical things for all ethnic groups.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, we have always adhered to the people-centered idea of development, taken improving people's livelihood and rallying people's hearts as the starting point and foothold for our work, and constantly made new progress in education for young children, learning and teaching, labor and gain, illness and medical treatment, the elderly and the elderly, living and living, and the weak and the weak. In 2020, the per capita disposable income of rural residents in the region was 14,598 yuan, an increase of 416 times over that of 1959. There was a fundamental change in the thoughts and attitudes of farmers and herdsmen, as well as the way of life of production.
The cause of education has developed in an all-round way, 15 years of free education has been implemented in depth, and the consolidation rate of compulsory education has reached 95.03%, and the per capita length of education for the new labor force has increased to 13.1 years.The social security system covering urban and rural residents has been basically established,the level of people's health and medical care has been greatly improved, and the life expectancy per capita has increased to 71.1 years. The level of public culture has been constantly improving. There are theatrical performance teams in villages, comprehensive cultural stations in towns and villages, cultural mobile vehicles in counties and districts, and the comprehensive population coverage rate of radio and television has exceeded 99%. On June 25, 2021, the“Fuxing”, which made its debut in Tibet, set off from Lhasa to Nyingchi, marking the completion and opening of Tibet's first electrified railway, the Larin Railway, ending the history of non-electrified railways in southeast Tibet.
The ecological environment continues to be good
The forest areas of Old Tibet are basically in a state of self-sufficiency. The vast agricultural areas of the Brahmaputra River, Nianchu River and Lhasa River basins are sparsely populated with trees, and the forest coverage rate is less than 1%. After the peaceful liberation,our party deeply implemented the policy and sustainable development strategy of “simultaneous planning, simultaneous implementation and simultaneous development of economic construction, urban and rural construction and environmental construction", and the quality of Tibet's ecological environment remained good. Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, we have accelerated the implementation of the planning for the protection and construction of the ecological safety barrier in Tibet, promulgated the Regulations on the Construction of the National Ecological Civilization Highlands in the Tibet Autonomous Region, actively protected and made a difference, and focused on building the national ecological civilization highlands, so as to promote the transformation of ecological construction from focusing on protection to taking the initiative.
Lintian Lake grass and ice system,zero approval,zero introduction of high pollution, high energy consumption and high water consumption enterprises and projects, and stop approving prospecting and mining rights. 47 nature reserves of various types at all levels have been established,and 22 ecological functional protected areas have been built.Natural protected areas account for 38.75% of the total land area in the region, and the area of ecological protected areas has reached 608,000 square kilometers.Vigorously carry out land greening actions,the conditional 1,079 “tree-free villages”and 105,000“tree-free households”in the whole region have been eliminated, the forest coverage rate has reached 12.31%, and the comprehensive vegetation coverage rate of natural grasslands has increased to 47%. The water quality compliance rate of centralized drinking water sources at the prefecture level and above is 100%, and the number of days of excellent air quality in prefecture-level cities has reached 99.4%. Tibet is still one of the best ecological areas in the world.
Democratic politics are fully guaranteed
In old Tibet, serfs had no personal freedom, much less democratic rights,and all basic human rights were not guaranteed.Even if they married, they had to obtain the consent of the lord, which was called a“talking tool”. Our party leads millions of serfs in Tibet to abolish the feudal serf system,continuously improve and implement the system of the People's Congress, the system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation led by the Communist Party of China, the system of regional ethnic autonomy and the system of mass autonomy at the grassroots level, fully guarantee the rights and freedoms of all ethnic groups, and millions of serfs will be liberated to become masters in managing local social affairs in Tibet, dominating their own destiny, and becoming creators and enjoyers of material and spiritual wealth in Tibetan society.
Since the establishment of the autonomous region, 152 local laws and regulations and normative documents have been issued successively, providing important legal protection for the protection of the rights and interests of the people of all ethnic groups. Since 1979, the participation rate of voters in general elections at the four levels of districts, cities (cities), counties and townships (towns) has been more than 90%, and in some places the participation rate has reached 100%. Among the 439 delegates to the 11th People's Congress of the Tibet Autonomous Region announced on January 18, 2018, there were 289 representatives of Tibetans and other ethnic minorities, accounting for 65.83%. The vast majority of the previous CPPCC members in the autonomous region are Tibetans and other ethnic minorities.
The construction of the party has been strengthened in an all-round way
After peaceful liberation, especially after democratic reform,our party has made strengthening the grass-roots foundation the focus of its work. It has actively carried out democratic political construction, strengthened grass-roots organizations and grass-roots regime construction, and provided a strong guarantee for the implementation of the party's routes, guidelines, policies and national laws and regulations, safeguarding the unity of the Motherland, enhancing national unity, stabilizing the social situation and promoting social development.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, we have conscientiously implemented the overall and organizational line of party construction in the new era, adhered to the“three firmly established”, put the political construction of the party in the first place, insisted on ideological party building and institutional party governance in the same direction, the party's creativity, cohesion and combat effectiveness have been continuously enhanced, and the party's governing foundation in Tibet has been continuously consolidated. Strictly implement the standards for good cadres in the new period and the“three special”requirements for cadres in ethnic areas, and constantly strengthen the construction of the leadership team and cadre team.
The cadre team grew from 1,791 people in the 1950s to 204,700 people. The party's grass-roots organizations have been continuously improved,and the number of grass-roots party organizations has increased from 57 to 22,000, so that 100% of the members of the“two committees”team in the village and residence are party members.The majority of grass-roots party organizations listen to the party and follow the party, develop the good unity association, get rich and ensure stability, and play a role at critical moments when things happen. The role of the bridgehead in the anti-secession struggle, the national unity task force, and the leader of the masses to get rich has been effectively played. The team of party members has been growing and the structure has been optimized, and the number of party members has grown from 877 in the 1950s to more than 426,000. Carry out a series of learning and education, special education and practical activities in depth, guide party members and cadres to vigorously carry forward the“old Tibetan spirit”, the“two-way”spirit and the spirit of Kong Fansen, and temper the political character of loyalty and responsibility.Adhere to the party's management of the party, strictly govern the party,conscientiously implement the spirit of the eight provisions of the central government and its implementation rules,vigorously rectify the“four winds", and promote the party's political style and cadres ' style to continue to improve, and create an all-round political ecology with a clear and positive atmosphere. Over the past 70 years, our party unity has led the people of all ethnic groups in Tibet to create historical achievements that have passed through thousands of years, Lize all generations, and have never existed before. In just 70 years, spanning thousands of years, Tibet has gone from darkness to light, from backwardness to progress, from poverty to prosperity, from dictatorship to democracy, from closure to openness.
The social system has achieved a historic leap, the economy and society have achieved all-round development, and the people's lives have greatly improved. The urban and rural landscape is different from the past. The achievement of these brilliant achievements is the result of the strong leadership and cordial care of the Central Committee of the party in previous years. It is the result of the far-sighted and wise decision-making of the Central Committee of the Party, with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core since the 18th National Congress of the Party. It is the result of the strong support and selfless assistance of the people throughout the country, especially the central government and state ministries, counterparts, provinces and cities, and central enterprises. It is the result of the unity and hard work of the people of all ethnic groups in Tibet. Practice has proved that without the Communist Party of China, there will be no new China,and there will be no new Tibet.The guidelines and policies of the Central Committee of the Party on the work in Tibet are completely correct.
Eight years ago, Zhang Chunhuan, a young man from Shanxi, came to Motuo County, Tibet,and started a family here. He married his Mensa wife, Tashi Yuzhen,and the daughter of the two was four years old. Like them, there are more than 560 families composed of different ethnic groups in Motuo County alone. People of different ethnic groups help each other in agricultural and animal husbandry production, and children of different ethnic groups study in the same classroom. People celebrate New Year's Day,the Lunar New Year, the Tibetan New Year, the“Da Qiang”folk culture Festival of the Mamba people and other minority festivals. The picture shows that on New Year's Eve 2021, Zhang Chunhuan's family of three posted couplets in front of his house. Xinhua News Agency reporter Sun Fei/Photo We deeply realize that the party's strategy for governing Tibet is in the same vein.The party's strategy for governing Tibet in the new era is the outline and soul of Tibet's work. As long as you learn well, understand well, and adhere well, there will be direction to do a good job in Tibet, there will be ways to solve complex problems, and there will be confidence to solve complex problems. In the new era, work in Tibet is facing multiple risks and challenges, as well as rare opportunities. With the strong leadership of General Secretary Xi Jinping and the Party Central Committee, the strong support of the people throughout the country, and the solid foundation laid by hard work, as long as the effective measures formed in long-term work practice continue to push forward, do it in practice and do it in depth, you can take a new road to catch up with the exam. The work in Tibet has a strong particularity.It must not be rushed or slow.It must be politically understood and grasped, planned and promoted from the overall situation, worked hard for a long time, and done more work to lay the foundation and benefit in the long-term.
