The bond between modern man and nature has been disconnected, and the manipulation of the environment has reached its pinnacle. Human activity has a wide range of environmental consequences.
BEIJING, Oct. 24: At week-long 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), which concluded on Saturday in Beijing, a blueprint for China's future development has been mapped out.
As the world economy is facing a tough situation this year, with probably tougher prospects for the next, China's economic outlook carries global significance. Voicing their confidence in China's future growth, business communities worldwide believe that China's modernization stride and innovation-driven growth will inject more certainty into the global economy.
QUALITY DEVELOPMENT BENEFITS ALL
China will accelerate creating a new development pattern and pursue high-quality development, said Chinese President Xi Jinping, also general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, while delivering a report at the CPC congress.
"We must fully and faithfully apply the new development philosophy on all fronts, continue reforms to develop the socialist market economy, promote high-standard opening-up, and accelerate efforts to foster a new pattern of development that is focused on the domestic economy and features positive interplay between domestic and international economic flows," Xi said.
Deeply impressed by the remarks, Wichai Kinchong Choi, senior vice president of the leading Thai bank Kasikornbank, said he can see China's future development direction focus more on high-quality and sustainable development. "This is good news for Thailand and other neighboring countries," he said.
In the past few years, many Chinese high-tech enterprises have set up factories in Thailand, which is exactly what Thailand needs, he noted, saying that they have helped the Thai economy to transform and upgrade, and enhance its competitiveness.
Over the past decade, China's gross domestic product has come to account for 18.5 percent of the world economy. It has become a major trading partner for over 140 countries and regions, leading the world in total volume of trade in goods. Since the COVID-19 pandemic broke out, China, which has managed to coordinate pandemic control and economic development, still maintains a stabilizer of the global supply and industrial chains, and is keeping driving the world economic recovery.
Moreover, its development is not achieved at the expense of the environment. Instead, China is striving to make its development greener and more sustainable. In pursuit of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature, the country has cut its carbon emission intensity by 34.4 percent over the past 10 years, and pledged to have CO2 emissions peak before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060.
In the eyes of Chenhong Huang, global executive vice president of the German multinational software company SAP SE and president of SAP Greater China, China's green development will profoundly change the global energy, environment and economic landscape.
"Chinese enterprises are using digital technology to make carbon emission data transparent and quantifiable, and promote a balance between green development and commercial development," Huang said.
Meanwhile, China renewing its commitment in the CPC congress report to promoting a high-standard opening-up also strikes a chord with the international business community. U.S. automaker Tesla's success in China speaks volume for Beijing's determination to further opening-up.
Thanks to the efforts of the Chinese government to facilitate foreign investment, Tesla became the first wholly foreign-owned auto enterprise in China, Vice President of Tesla Tao Lin said, adding that the U.S. company is seeking to further expand its presence in the Chinese market.
German heat exchanger company Kelvion (China) has started operations in China over 20 years ago. Cheng Wenwu, general manager of the company, said doing business in China is becoming easier.
Mentioning an effective market mechanism and a convenient and fast standardized administrative process in China, Cheng said the changes over the past years have lowered the costs of companies, facilitated market access and helped firms to adapt to international rules, benefiting the companies' operations.
CHINESE MODERNIZATION MEANS OPPORTUNITIES
Chinese modernization, a key term defining China's journey to national rejuvenation and another buzzword in the CPC report, has spurred a heated discussion in business communities both domestic and abroad.
It contains elements common to the modernization processes of all countries, but more importantly, it features the Chinese context. It is the modernization of a huge population, of common prosperity for all, of material and cultural-ethical advancement, of harmony between humanity and nature and of peaceful development.
For business leaders in many parts of the world, Chinese modernization means more opportunities.
Jose Antonio Hidalgo, former president of the Ecuador-China Chamber of Commerce, said Chinese modernization will generate a positive impact in the global context, especially for the agri-food sector of Ecuador.
"It is an opportunity for us because the middle-class consumers (in China) are going to need excellent quality agrifood and they are going to look for it in countries like ours," he said.
In 2021, China announced that after eight years of strenuous work between late 2012 and late 2020, the country had lifted the final 98.99 million impoverished rural residents living under the current poverty line out of poverty, and removed all 832 impoverished counties and 128,000 villages from the poverty list. Now the country boasts the world's biggest middle-income group -- 400 million people. That means huge potential for consumption.
Hamdi Al-Tabbaa, president of the Jordanian Businessmen Association, also sees opportunities in the Chinese path to modernization.
China's consistent efforts to improve people's living standards mean a significantly expanded middle-income group and upgraded consumption structure, which will offer more development opportunities for global enterprises, said Al-Tabbaa.
From initiating the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the New Development Bank to taking the lead in implementing the UN sustainable development agenda, China has always been sharing its development dividends with the rest of the world.
Woody Guo, senior vice president and managing director of Herbalife Nutrition in China, said the CPC report underlines the certainty of the Chinese market against the uncertainties of the global market, and makes foreign enterprises feel reassured about their development in China.
The Chinese modernization "will provide more chances and opportunities, not only from the growing of markets, but also from an employment point of view," said Sara Vermeulen-Anastasi, head of group communication at Swiss technology group Oerlikon. "We will be able to attract more engineers and have more choices of new technologies," Vermeulen-Anastasi said.
INNOVATION INSPIRES NEW MOMENTUM
While invigorating its economy, China has made innovation a top priority in its planning. The country rose to 12th place on the Global Innovation Index 2021, up from 34th place in 2012, said the World Intellectual Property Organization. It ranked first among middle-income economies.
"We must regard science and technology as our primary productive force, talent as our primary resource, and innovation as our primary driver of growth," Xi said in the report.
"Everything is about innovation," said Stephen Perry, chairman of Britain's 48 Group Club. China is very forward-looking, as in every sector, China has the dynamic about "wanting to know where the world is going," he added.
Amid the innovation drive, the number of Chinese companies on the Fortune Global 500 list has grown. In 2021, 145 Chinese companies made it to the list, climbing from 95 in 2012 and increasing for 19 consecutive years.
In terms of telecommunication infrastructure, the country has built the world's largest 5G network, with a total of 1.43 million 5G base stations installed across the country by the end of 2021, accounting for over 60 percent of the world's total.
Backed by technological advancement, China has accelerated the construction of high-speed transportation networks. With the world's most developed high-speed rail network, China now has more than 40,000 km of high-speed rail lines in operation.
Oswaldo Navarro from Jalisco, an agriculture-producing state in Mexico, has purchased several pieces of agriculture and farming equipment from China.
He told Xinhua that the seed cleaning machine he imported from China has a daily capacity two to three times that of the equipment from other countries, saving much time and cost.
China's increased efforts in science and education will help turn scientific and technological achievements into productivity, said Navarro.
Hichem Chorfi, an Algerian businessman working for a consulting firm in industrial technology and innovation, said China shares advanced development models and achieves economic complementarity with other countries, improving the well-being of people in various countries through advanced technologies.
Chinese innovation will be featured in many important areas of human society in the future, he said.
There has been palpable conflict between the right to development and right to environment. The nations grappling with widespread poverty, unemployment and poor service delivery are in the urgent need of infrastructural development and industrialisation to attain economic growth and create jobs. It is only through the all-round economic development that scarcity and poverty can be overcome and living standards of people improved. At the same time, a vigorous drive for economic growth entails negative repercussions for environment, which is equally important for a healthy and sustainable life. Heavy industrial production results in the depletion of vital resources, threats on animal and plant species, and air, water and soil pollution, which directly endanger the existence of humans, animals and nature as well.
All the revolutions and major changes in the world were first envisioned and led by youths. That is why youth is known as the power and driver of all change. Energy, courage, the vision of the future, drive towards change, dedication, etc characterize youths, making them the source of social transformation. But the determination, dynamism, knowledge, skills and immense courage of youths have been undermined and crushed by feudal age-based hierarchy and the exploitative nature of capitalism. When there is a serious crisis in the global system including political and agrarian crises, time demands the youth's leadership to bring transformation in many social arenas. It's not only science and technology but in every sector, even to transform agriculture, youth engagement and leadership are vital. Transformation in the political, economic, and socio-cultural system is only possible through active youth participation. To make it more clear here are a few points that reflect on why youth in agriculture is urgent and why transformation in agriculture is not possible without them.
First, youths are the drivers of all changes, thus agricultural development. There are dozens of qualities youths have that drive changes. The enthusiasm, courage, energy, vision and long term thinking, familiarity with new scientific knowledge and technologies, and radicalness are few to mention. Since youths are the major sources of change, without youths, changes in agriculture are also difficult.
The second reason for the urgency of attracting youths to agriculture is for the future of agriculture. The average age of the farmers all over the world has been found to be increasing, especially in recent years. This is happening because farming and agriculture have not been the first choice of most youths. The percentage of people engaging in farming is decreasing rapidly. Data shows that the average age of farmers of South Korea and Japan already exceeds 60 years which is not different from European and North American Capitalist countries wherein on average less than three percent of people do farming. Even in many developing countries like Nepal, rural villages are left with children and senior citizens, seriously lacking an active population in agriculture. As we know, without food not only the people but also life on earth is not possible, we have to continue to produce food. When the future of agriculture is threatened, it is thus the involvement of youth in agriculture that has become urgent to sustain agriculture, continue diverse food production and sustain the lives on Earth.
The thirdly, youth engagement in agriculture is sustainability in agriculture and the transformation of rural lives. Sustainability in agriculture means the care for nature, proper use of resources, eco-friendly practices and a peasants’ centered approach. 70% of the world's food is produced by small farmers using local resources to feed their families, not by big farmers, industrial farms, companies and corporations. Therefore, it is the peasantry which is feeding the world and who can feed the world. Capitalist and industrial production is not only destroying natural and natural resources but also using excessive chemicals and impacting people's health. Therefore, sustainability should be the core principle of agrarian transformation. New generations with a vision of the future are more serious about environmental issues and care about mother earth. Another challenge of agriculture in rural parts of Asia, Africa and South America is that it has not been transformed. Agriculture is traditional and subsistence-oriented. That is one of the reasons for the rural exodus and the distraction of youth from agriculture. On one side the farmers are impacted by corporate agriculture and on another side the market monopoly. It is important to transform agriculture in a very innovative, sustainable and localized way. Food sovereignty principles and the practice of agroecology have been the peasants' way of transforming agriculture in a sustainable way. This transformation is only possible by youths. Youth take care of the future. That is why they are often addressed as the future of nations and the world. The problem of unsustainability and climate crisis is due to unsustainable practices in agriculture. For sustainable agriculture, stewardship of nature, youth mindset with sustainable use of resources, care of nature and long term vision is important. Thus, youth engagement is important for the sustainable development of agriculture.
The fifth, young generation in farming is to change the image of agriculture and peasants. Agriculture, especially in developing countries is traditional, subsistence-based, surrounded by many challenges. There is also a considerable decrease in budget allocation and investment of the state, further marginalizing agriculture. That is why very little has been achieved through the agricultural sector in our country, failing to adopt farming as a decent source of income and employment.
Besides, it is necessary to be able to plan and execute a project not only to get the subsidy, grants and loans but also to make farming a source of income and employment. Contacting a technical person to the knowledge of diseases and pathogens is absolutely a work of educated manpower. Young and smart farmers are needed to reduce the impacts on the peasantry by foreign market and price fluctuation.
Without transforming agriculture, rural livelihood can't be transformed. There is a huge gap between rural and urban life. This has also created a rift between the rural and urban mindsets. Youths can fill these gaps. Youths in our country usually get their education in urban cities. These youths with the urban mindset and greater knowledge of challenges faced by urban people on getting healthy, culturally appropriate food at a fair price can contribute a lot. Likewise, rural life will be reformed when educated youths lead the social and political activities in rural areas. Establishing rural-urban linkage, developing market networks, providing healthy food at an affordable price, and involvement of new generations in agriculture are important.
Therefore, public policies that support youth’s engagement in agriculture is one of our foremost needs. Retaining migrant returnees acquitted with new practices, entrepreneurship skills and investment capacities in agriculture can be a major source of transformation in agriculture, especially in Nepal. For this, all the efforts on increasing investment, orientation, training and education, ensuring access and control of producers on land, market, credit, seeds and other resources, professionalization, mechanization and sustainability in agriculture have to be linked to youths. Subsidies, insurance, grants, and the creation of a conducive environment are equally important to attract a new generation in agriculture for the future of humanity and mother earth. This is a high time to mull over the future of agriculture.
Our future is in agriculture and it can only be transformed and used as a driving force of the Nepalese economy only if we can mobilize and encourage youth participation.
Seeds are the basic and vital sources of agriculture. From the dawn of agriculture, seeds have been saved and exchanged by farmers and developed in accordance with the local environment. Seeds are living repositories of traditional and cultural knowledge. But at present, a vast diversity of local seeds is disappearing which has impacted agriculture and biodiversity.
The community wisdom about local seeds was a great heritage of the agrarian community. There was the accumulation of knowledge, traditions, customs and culture possible from one farmer to another for countless generations. Farmers have been maintaining seed diversity, conserving nature and ensuring local food security.
In the present context, local seeds which were saved and transferred from generation to generation by farmers are displaced. Due to hybridization, genetic modification and legal protections the control of seeds have gradually moved from the hands of farmers and public breeders to a handful of large multinational companies. Due to this, we can witness the disappearance of our biodiversity and of our seed sovereignty.
Seed sovereignty is the farmer’s right to save, breed and exchange seeds, to have access to diverse open-source seeds which can be saved –and which are not patented, genetically modified, owned or controlled by emerging seed giants. Farmers have been saving seed for centuries and are supposed to be the ultimate owner of seed so they have the right to save seeds and reproduce them without deteriorating their quality and diversity.
The use of hybrid seeds and Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) have been increasing to improve production to meet the demand of the burgeoning population. But in reality, these high-yielding seeds are displacing and destroying the local seed variety. This is threatening our seed sovereignty and genetic diversity.
What are Hybrid seeds and GMO seeds?
Hybrid seeds are produced by cross-pollinated plants. The two different varieties are cross-bred, resulting in a seed that carries one or more favorable traits. The main purpose of hybrid seeds is to improve the characteristics of a resulting plant. But we cannot get the traits that the original hybrid possessed when we save seeds from them and replant them the following year. For this reason, we have to purchase hybrid seeds over and over every year. Furthermore, hybrid seeds also require specific fertilizers which can be costly to many farmers.
GMO seeds are seeds that have had their genetic makeup altered to exhibit traits that are not naturally theirs. In general, genes are taken from one organism that shows a desired trait and transferred into the genetic code of another organism. The goal of the new gene is to produce a helpful trait or characteristic in the modified organism, such as disease resistance, drought tolerance, or improved nutritional value. GMO seeds are bred by biologic engineers who apply modern biotechnology techniques in a lab.
What are its negative impacts?
-A small number of companies hold the patent of seeds. These reduced competition levels make it easier for those in the market to raise the price of seeds. In addition, these improved varieties require specific fertilizers, pesticides and machines. So, hybrid seeds and GMO seeds along with their associated technical package are very costly to small-scale and subsistence farmers.
-GM crops occupy the large surface areas and are linked to intensive monoculture systems that wipe out other crops and ecosystems, reducing biodiversity.
-Wind can carry pollen and cross-pollinate non-GMO varieties with the GMO varieties causing genetic pollution
-Not sufficient research on how these seeds will behave over the long term and about their actual effects on the organisms that consume them.
- Ecosystem is imbalanced due to the introduction of altered life forms in the environment.
Impact of patented seeds on seed sovereignty
Seed sovereignty ensures farmers' freedom to save and exchange seeds. This freedom is threatened by the use of patents in hybrids and GMOs by Multinational companies (MNC). Patents are used by plant breeders and agribusinesses to give them ownership of seeds they have created. A patent on seeds would prevent farmers from saving and exchanging seeds and prohibits the farmers' free choice of how to grow and plant.
Patented plants cannot be used for further breeding without the patent holder’s permission. This puts our food supply in the hands of breeders, such as large agribusinesses, not the growers. Growers will have restricted choices and gradually the diversity of species and genome types will decrease. Furthermore, farmers will be pushed out of this market, leaving large agribusinesses free to determine the price of seeds. Due to this, the cost of input and cultivation will be high which will push the farmers into debt traps. So, farmers have been the victim of the politics of government and MNC nexus.
Why seed sovereignty?
Seed diversity plays a significant role in maintaining agricultural sustainability. Nepal still contains a large plant genetic diversity but this is being threatened by the increasing use of hybrids. There is no denying the fact that these technological advances are taking place to tackle the problem of a growing population but they should be within the framework of agricultural sustainability and seed sovereignty.
Seed sovereignty is the foundation for food sovereignty. Without access to high-quality seeds and the ability to save, use, breed, and share seeds freely, true food sovereignty is unattainable. In a country where 68% of the total population depends upon agriculture for their livelihood and 18 percent of people still living under the poverty line, we cannot achieve food security depending upon large agribusiness and putting farmers' freedom under threat. It is our inherent duty to protect the indigenous seeds of our country to feed and nourish ourselves and future generations instead of running behind large multinational companies.
Before the liberation of Tibet, it was a dark, backward feudal serf society with the unity of government and religion. Millions of serfs struggled in extreme poverty. Since the peaceful liberation, our party --- Chinese Communist Party (CPC) has united and led millions of turned serfs to carry out democratic reform, establish a socialist system, implement a system of regional ethnic autonomy, and promote reform and opening up. After the 18th National Congress of the Party, the Central Committee of the Party, with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core, identified Tibet as the only province-level concentrated contiguous area of special hardship in the “three districts and three states”.
Tibet has been given priority care and special inclination in terms of policies, funds and projects. It has led the Tibetan people to win the battle against poverty, build a well-off society in an all-round way, completely get rid of the absolute poverty problem that has been bound for thousands of years, and together with the people of the whole country, ushered in a great leap from standing up, getting rich to being strong. All ethnic groups said from the heart, “Chairman Mao led millions of serfs to turn over and be liberated, and President Xi led the Tibetan people to get out of poverty and run for the well-off.”
The overall situation of society is harmonious and stable. Since the peaceful liberation, under the leadership of the Party, the vast majority of Tibet's military and people have persistently fought against secession, effectively thwarting a series of secession and sabotage activities by the 14th Dalai Lama Group.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, we have firmly established the overall concept of national security, adhered to the“two unwavering”, tightly focused on the focus and focus of maintaining the unity of the Motherland and strengthening national unity, firmly mastered the initiative in the anti-separatist struggle, sought long-term strategies and solidified actions. Social governance has changed from“I want stability” to “We want stability”, and the satisfaction of the public's sense of security has been continuously maintained at more than 99%.
Unswervingly follow the correct path to solve ethnic problems with Chinese characteristics,adhere to casting the sense of Chinese ethnic community as a strategic task, introduce the regulations on the creation of model areas for ethnic unity and progress in the autonomous region, carry out in-depth research on the history of the Chinese ethnic community, expand and deepen publicity, education and creation activities for ethnic unity and progress, increase the popularization and popularization of the national common language, actively build an embedded community environment, promote exchanges and exchanges among all ethnic groups, unity, friendship and joy among all ethnic groups, and the“five identities”continue to strengthen. Adhere to the direction of sinicization of religion in China, comprehensively implement the party's basic principles of religious work, strengthen the management of religious affairs according to law, guarantee the freedom of religious belief of the masses, eliminate the negative effects of the use of religion by the 14th Dalai Lama, guide the religious masses to treat religion rationally, reduce religious consumption, and live a happy life in this life. Tibetan Buddhism and socialist society are becoming more and more adapted.
Brilliant achievements in economic development
There was no modern industry and commerce in old Tibet, agricultural production was in a primitive farming state for a long time,animal husbandry was basically a natural nomadic way,agriculture and animal husbandry were degraded and the products were single,the level of productivity and social development as a whole were very low, and the gross regional product of the region was only 129 million yuan.
After the peaceful liberation, our party is based on the special realities and major contradictions of Tibet, focuses on liberation and development of productive forces, gives full play to the advantages of the socialist system, and helps Tibet's economic and social development. Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, the Central committee of the Party has led the people of all ethnic groups in Tibet to adhere to the general tone of seeking progress in stability, vigorously protect and improve people's livelihood, deepen supply-side structural reforms, and promote the transformation of economic development from high-speed to high-quality. In 2020,the total economic volume of the region exceeded 190 billion yuan,which is 321.5 times that of 1951 at comparable prices.The Qinghai-Tibet Railway was completed and put into operation, the Sichuan-Tibet Railway started construction across the board, and the Fuxing opened into the snowy plateau, with a railway operating mileage of nearly 1,400 kilometers.All the counties and villages pass through the highway,with an opening mileage of 118,800 kilometers,and the opening mileage of the highway reaches 1,105 kilometers. Five civil airports have been built,and more than 140 international and domestic routes have been opened. Four power“sky roads”such as the Qinghai-Tibet Power Network have been built. The main power grid covers all counties and towns, with a power generation capacity of 9 billion kilowatt-hours, and the built-up village pass fiber optic rate and 4G signal coverage rate have reached 99%. All border well-off villages have been built,characteristic industries have developed and grown, and the total grain production has been stable at more than 1 million tons for six consecutive years. Livestock has changed from“one season out of the bar”to“four seasons out of the bar”, promoting food to become products and products to commodities. Barley, yak, etc. have become veritable“treasures of the plateau”. The tourism industry is developing rapidly,receiving more than 35 million tourists in 2020.
People's lives are booming
In old Tibet, serfs, who accounted for more than 95% of the population, had no means of production, suffered cruel economic exploitation, and lived a miserable life.The enrolment rate of school-age children was less than 2%, the illiteracy rate was as high as 95%, and the life expectancy per capita was only 35.5 years old. After the peaceful liberation, our party has always wholeheartedly done good things and practical things for all ethnic groups.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, we have always adhered to the people-centered idea of development, taken improving people's livelihood and rallying people's hearts as the starting point and foothold for our work, and constantly made new progress in education for young children, learning and teaching, labor and gain, illness and medical treatment, the elderly and the elderly, living and living, and the weak and the weak. In 2020, the per capita disposable income of rural residents in the region was 14,598 yuan, an increase of 416 times over that of 1959. There was a fundamental change in the thoughts and attitudes of farmers and herdsmen, as well as the way of life of production.
The cause of education has developed in an all-round way, 15 years of free education has been implemented in depth, and the consolidation rate of compulsory education has reached 95.03%, and the per capita length of education for the new labor force has increased to 13.1 years.The social security system covering urban and rural residents has been basically established,the level of people's health and medical care has been greatly improved, and the life expectancy per capita has increased to 71.1 years. The level of public culture has been constantly improving. There are theatrical performance teams in villages, comprehensive cultural stations in towns and villages, cultural mobile vehicles in counties and districts, and the comprehensive population coverage rate of radio and television has exceeded 99%. On June 25, 2021, the“Fuxing”, which made its debut in Tibet, set off from Lhasa to Nyingchi, marking the completion and opening of Tibet's first electrified railway, the Larin Railway, ending the history of non-electrified railways in southeast Tibet.
The ecological environment continues to be good
The forest areas of Old Tibet are basically in a state of self-sufficiency. The vast agricultural areas of the Brahmaputra River, Nianchu River and Lhasa River basins are sparsely populated with trees, and the forest coverage rate is less than 1%. After the peaceful liberation,our party deeply implemented the policy and sustainable development strategy of “simultaneous planning, simultaneous implementation and simultaneous development of economic construction, urban and rural construction and environmental construction", and the quality of Tibet's ecological environment remained good. Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, we have accelerated the implementation of the planning for the protection and construction of the ecological safety barrier in Tibet, promulgated the Regulations on the Construction of the National Ecological Civilization Highlands in the Tibet Autonomous Region, actively protected and made a difference, and focused on building the national ecological civilization highlands, so as to promote the transformation of ecological construction from focusing on protection to taking the initiative.
Lintian Lake grass and ice system,zero approval,zero introduction of high pollution, high energy consumption and high water consumption enterprises and projects, and stop approving prospecting and mining rights. 47 nature reserves of various types at all levels have been established,and 22 ecological functional protected areas have been built.Natural protected areas account for 38.75% of the total land area in the region, and the area of ecological protected areas has reached 608,000 square kilometers.Vigorously carry out land greening actions,the conditional 1,079 “tree-free villages”and 105,000“tree-free households”in the whole region have been eliminated, the forest coverage rate has reached 12.31%, and the comprehensive vegetation coverage rate of natural grasslands has increased to 47%. The water quality compliance rate of centralized drinking water sources at the prefecture level and above is 100%, and the number of days of excellent air quality in prefecture-level cities has reached 99.4%. Tibet is still one of the best ecological areas in the world.
Democratic politics are fully guaranteed
In old Tibet, serfs had no personal freedom, much less democratic rights,and all basic human rights were not guaranteed.Even if they married, they had to obtain the consent of the lord, which was called a“talking tool”. Our party leads millions of serfs in Tibet to abolish the feudal serf system,continuously improve and implement the system of the People's Congress, the system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation led by the Communist Party of China, the system of regional ethnic autonomy and the system of mass autonomy at the grassroots level, fully guarantee the rights and freedoms of all ethnic groups, and millions of serfs will be liberated to become masters in managing local social affairs in Tibet, dominating their own destiny, and becoming creators and enjoyers of material and spiritual wealth in Tibetan society.
Since the establishment of the autonomous region, 152 local laws and regulations and normative documents have been issued successively, providing important legal protection for the protection of the rights and interests of the people of all ethnic groups. Since 1979, the participation rate of voters in general elections at the four levels of districts, cities (cities), counties and townships (towns) has been more than 90%, and in some places the participation rate has reached 100%. Among the 439 delegates to the 11th People's Congress of the Tibet Autonomous Region announced on January 18, 2018, there were 289 representatives of Tibetans and other ethnic minorities, accounting for 65.83%. The vast majority of the previous CPPCC members in the autonomous region are Tibetans and other ethnic minorities.
The construction of the party has been strengthened in an all-round way
After peaceful liberation, especially after democratic reform,our party has made strengthening the grass-roots foundation the focus of its work. It has actively carried out democratic political construction, strengthened grass-roots organizations and grass-roots regime construction, and provided a strong guarantee for the implementation of the party's routes, guidelines, policies and national laws and regulations, safeguarding the unity of the Motherland, enhancing national unity, stabilizing the social situation and promoting social development.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, we have conscientiously implemented the overall and organizational line of party construction in the new era, adhered to the“three firmly established”, put the political construction of the party in the first place, insisted on ideological party building and institutional party governance in the same direction, the party's creativity, cohesion and combat effectiveness have been continuously enhanced, and the party's governing foundation in Tibet has been continuously consolidated. Strictly implement the standards for good cadres in the new period and the“three special”requirements for cadres in ethnic areas, and constantly strengthen the construction of the leadership team and cadre team.
The cadre team grew from 1,791 people in the 1950s to 204,700 people. The party's grass-roots organizations have been continuously improved,and the number of grass-roots party organizations has increased from 57 to 22,000, so that 100% of the members of the“two committees”team in the village and residence are party members.The majority of grass-roots party organizations listen to the party and follow the party, develop the good unity association, get rich and ensure stability, and play a role at critical moments when things happen. The role of the bridgehead in the anti-secession struggle, the national unity task force, and the leader of the masses to get rich has been effectively played. The team of party members has been growing and the structure has been optimized, and the number of party members has grown from 877 in the 1950s to more than 426,000. Carry out a series of learning and education, special education and practical activities in depth, guide party members and cadres to vigorously carry forward the“old Tibetan spirit”, the“two-way”spirit and the spirit of Kong Fansen, and temper the political character of loyalty and responsibility.Adhere to the party's management of the party, strictly govern the party,conscientiously implement the spirit of the eight provisions of the central government and its implementation rules,vigorously rectify the“four winds", and promote the party's political style and cadres ' style to continue to improve, and create an all-round political ecology with a clear and positive atmosphere. Over the past 70 years, our party unity has led the people of all ethnic groups in Tibet to create historical achievements that have passed through thousands of years, Lize all generations, and have never existed before. In just 70 years, spanning thousands of years, Tibet has gone from darkness to light, from backwardness to progress, from poverty to prosperity, from dictatorship to democracy, from closure to openness.
The social system has achieved a historic leap, the economy and society have achieved all-round development, and the people's lives have greatly improved. The urban and rural landscape is different from the past. The achievement of these brilliant achievements is the result of the strong leadership and cordial care of the Central Committee of the party in previous years. It is the result of the far-sighted and wise decision-making of the Central Committee of the Party, with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core since the 18th National Congress of the Party. It is the result of the strong support and selfless assistance of the people throughout the country, especially the central government and state ministries, counterparts, provinces and cities, and central enterprises. It is the result of the unity and hard work of the people of all ethnic groups in Tibet. Practice has proved that without the Communist Party of China, there will be no new China,and there will be no new Tibet.The guidelines and policies of the Central Committee of the Party on the work in Tibet are completely correct.
Eight years ago, Zhang Chunhuan, a young man from Shanxi, came to Motuo County, Tibet,and started a family here. He married his Mensa wife, Tashi Yuzhen,and the daughter of the two was four years old. Like them, there are more than 560 families composed of different ethnic groups in Motuo County alone. People of different ethnic groups help each other in agricultural and animal husbandry production, and children of different ethnic groups study in the same classroom. People celebrate New Year's Day,the Lunar New Year, the Tibetan New Year, the“Da Qiang”folk culture Festival of the Mamba people and other minority festivals. The picture shows that on New Year's Eve 2021, Zhang Chunhuan's family of three posted couplets in front of his house. Xinhua News Agency reporter Sun Fei/Photo We deeply realize that the party's strategy for governing Tibet is in the same vein.The party's strategy for governing Tibet in the new era is the outline and soul of Tibet's work. As long as you learn well, understand well, and adhere well, there will be direction to do a good job in Tibet, there will be ways to solve complex problems, and there will be confidence to solve complex problems. In the new era, work in Tibet is facing multiple risks and challenges, as well as rare opportunities. With the strong leadership of General Secretary Xi Jinping and the Party Central Committee, the strong support of the people throughout the country, and the solid foundation laid by hard work, as long as the effective measures formed in long-term work practice continue to push forward, do it in practice and do it in depth, you can take a new road to catch up with the exam. The work in Tibet has a strong particularity.It must not be rushed or slow.It must be politically understood and grasped, planned and promoted from the overall situation, worked hard for a long time, and done more work to lay the foundation and benefit in the long-term.
